Thus, the southern torrent salamander demonstrates an ecological dependence on conditions of microclimate and habitat structure that are typically best created, stabilized, and maintained within late seral forests in northwestern California. A really excellent freshman season, in which every episode passed the. Results from discriminant and regression analyses indicated that this species occurs within a relatively narrow range of physical and microclimatic conditions and is associated with cold, clear headwater to low-order streams with loose, coarse substrates (low sedimentation), in humid forest habitats with large conifers, abundant moss, and >80% canopy closure. A subset of 68 variables, grouped into 11 ecological components including attributes at the landscape, macrohabitat, and microhabitat scales, was used in a hierarchical analysis of habitat associations.

Measurements of 121 attributes of the forest and stream environment were recorded in conjunction with area-constrained aquatic sampling for salamanders. We sampled 53 first to third order streams, each surrounded by at least 5-7 ha of relatively homogeneous forest or harvested forest habitat.

A systematic stratified sampling design was used to quantify the habitat relationships of the southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus, in northwestern California.

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